Theoretical and experimental work has been carried out to study the longitudinal space-charge effects in a retarding field energy analyzer. A one-dimensional. steady state model for both a monoenergetic beam and a thermal beam has been developed for this purpose. Potential improvements of using two-dimensional and time-dependent solutions are also briefly discussed. https://www.ngetikin.com/limited-value-Sapatilha-Infantil-Pampili-Bailarina-Laco-Duplo-Glitter-Prata-great-pick/